Nice example!
for the part 2, to make it easy, 4 rows in the staff_load is enough to show the recursive analytic function usage. Here comes my example(not sure how to format the code in the comment)
1

oe@CS10G> drop table STAFF_LOAD purge;

Table dropped.

oe@CS10G> create table STAFF_LOAD
  2  (
  3  load_year number,
  4  org_unit_code varchar2(10),
  5  classif_code varchar2(10),
  6  fte_days number
  7  );

Table created.

oe@CS10G> 
oe@CS10G> pause;

oe@CS10G> insert into staff_load values(2010,'A46','HEW3',59);

1 row created.

oe@CS10G> insert into staff_load values(2010,'A42','HEW3',13);

1 row created.

oe@CS10G> insert into staff_load values(2010,'A42','HEW4',13);

1 row created.

oe@CS10G> insert into staff_load values(2010,'A46','HEW4',12);

1 row created.

oe@CS10G> commit ;

Commit complete.

oe@CS10G> 
oe@CS10G> pause;

 
oe@CS10G> SELECT
  2    LOAD_YEAR,
  3    ORG_UNIT_CODE,
  4    --ORG_SUM,
  5    DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY LOAD_YEAR ORDER BY ORG_SUM DESC) ORG_RANK,
  6    CLASSIF_CODE,
  7    --CLASSIF_SUM,
  8    DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY LOAD_YEAR ORDER BY CLASSIF_SUM DESC) CLASSIF_RANK,
  9    FTE
 10  FROM
 11  (
 12  SELECT
 13    LOAD_YEAR,
 14    ORG_UNIT_CODE,
 15    SUM(SUM(FTE_DAYS)) OVER (PARTITION BY LOAD_YEAR, ORG_UNIT_CODE) ORG_SUM,
 16    CLASSIF_CODE,
 17    SUM(SUM(FTE_DAYS)) OVER (PARTITION BY LOAD_YEAR, CLASSIF_CODE) CLASSIF_SUM,
 18    SUM (FTE_DAYS) FTE
 19  FROM
 20    STAFF_LOAD
 21  GROUP BY
 22    LOAD_YEAR,
 23    ORG_UNIT_CODE,
 24    CLASSIF_CODE)
 25  order by FTE desc, org_unit_code asc
 26  ;

 LOAD_YEAR ORG_UNIT_C	ORG_RANK CLASSIF_CO CLASSIF_RANK	FTE
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------
      2010 A46		       1 HEW3		       1	 59
      2010 A42		       2 HEW3		       1	 13
      2010 A42		       2 HEW4		       2	 13
      2010 A46		       1 HEW4		       2	 12